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1988-07-22
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-- PASSWORDS & SECURITY
When used as a Menu system, Nifty can force users to enter passwords at
each menu level. Each user may have his own password, assigned by the system
integrator who sets up the menu system.
To tell the Nifty Menu system to ask for a password, simply add a separate
line to a menu's ".MNU" file for each password that may be accepted for use of
of that menu. Begin each such line with "#", and follow it immediately with
the password. If no passwords should be required for a particular menu's
choices, don't enter any password lines to that menu's ".MNU" file.
Assume that the "UTILITY.MNU" file contained the lines
#SUE
#LINDA
Whenever a user accessed the the Utility menu, he would have to know one of
these passwords. He need not know both, since each user may be assigned his
own password, but he needs to know at least one. If he doesn't know one of the
passwords, he'll be bounced back up to the menu from which he came.
If you place passwords into the main menu file, "MENU.MNU", Nifty won't
let anyone into the system unless he knows a correct password. If the Nifty
Menu system is called directly from your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, you can be assured
that anyone who boots from your hard disk will have to know a password if he
expects to use the computer (unless he knows enough about DOS to bypass Nifty
or alter its files).
Now, what if you want to keep some, but not all, users out of a particular
menu, but don't want to ask authorized users to enter passwords each time they
access that menu? In this case, you may wish to utilize security levels.
Each menu (or item on a menu) can be assigned a security level, and each
user can be given a security level authorization. The user must have an auth-
orization number equal to or greater than the one required for the item he's
attempting to access. If a user's authorized security level is 02, and he
tries to access an item that requires level 03, Nifty will refuse him.
If you want to assign a security level to an item on the menu, enclose a
two-digit number in parentheses at the end of the instruction line on which
that item appears. Example:
D>DIR(02)
P>\COMMO\PROCOMM.EXE(04)
The first line indicates that a user must have a security level of 02 (or
greater) to access the DIR command. In order to access PROCOMM, the user must
have a security level of at least 04. If a user whose security level were 02
tried to access PROCOMM, he would be ignored.
To assign a security level to a user, simply enter a two-digit number at
the end of that user's password in the MENU.MNU file. Example:
#SUE(01)
#LINDA(02)
#RALPH
Sue may access any menu (or menu item) assigned a security level of 1 or
greater. Linda may only access items whose level is 2 or greater. Since Ralph
hasn't been assigned a specific security level, Nifty assumes that it is 99
and will allow him into anything.
Let's assume that the system integrator wants to prevent most Menu system
users from accessing GRAPHED, but wants to be able to access it, himself, when
he needs to. He could place the following lines into the MENU.MNU file:
#LINDA(02)
#INTEGRATOR
G>GRAPHED.EXE(50)
The third line tells Nifty that only users with security levels of 50 may ac-
cess GRAPHED. Linda's authorized level is only 02, so she can't use it. But
Integrator's is, by default, 99 (since no specific security level was assigned
to him). Integrator will will be allowed to access GRAPHED.
Note that all security levels MUST be two-digit numbers. The system will
ignore single-digits. Also note that if a sub-menu contains a listing of one
or more passwords, the user will still have to enter his password, despite the
fact that he was able to successfully reach that sub-menu. If you're using a
"security level" system, you may wish to remove passwords from all menus other
than the primary one, MENU.MNU. Doing so will keep your users from having to
constantly enter their passwords.
Remember that if a choice on the menu does not have an assigned security
level, ANYONE will be allowed to access it (though, once he gets there, he may
have to enter a password, if one or more passwords are placed into the destina-
tion menu's ".MNU" file). And also remember that a user's security level will
be the highest possible (99), unless a lower figure appears in parentheses af-
ter his password in the "MENU.MNU" file.
The Nifty password scheme is designed for simplicity, not absolute secur-
ity (which is impossible on PC's). It won't lock out a determined computer
saboteur who knows how to use DOS and access files, but it will prevent casual
users from snooping around.